为帮助大家提前适应考试的紧张感觉，福姐儿在此送上7月7日、7月8日阅读机经预测，供大家考前练习，提前寻找考试的感觉。以下题目仅供大家参考，切勿满目迷信，提升自身能力才是目标。

passage 1

The term Hudson River school was applied to the foremost representatives ofnineteenth-century North American landscape painting. Apparently unknown during the goldendays of the American landscape movement, which began around 1850 and lasted until the late1860's, the Hudson River school seems to have emerged in the 1870's as a direct result of thestruggle between the old and the new generations of artists, each to assert its own style as therepresentative American art. The older painters, most of whom were born before 1835, practicedin a mode often self-taught and monopolized by landscape subject matter and were securelyestablished in and fostered by the reigning American art organization, the National Academy ofDesign. The younger painters returning home from training in Europe worked more with figuralsubject matter and in a bold and impressionistic technique; their prospects for patronage in theirown country were uncertain, and they sought to attract it by attaining academic recognition inNew York. One of the results of the conflict between the two factions was that what in previousyears had been referred to as the American, native, or, occasionally, New York school — the mostrepresentative school of American art in any genre — had by 1890 become firmly established inthe minds of critics and public alike as the Hudson River school.

　　The sobriquet was first applied around 1879. While it was not intended as flattering, it washardly inappropriate. The Academicians at whom it was aimed had worked and socialized in NewYork, the Hudson's port city, and had painted the river and its shores with varying frequency.Most important, perhaps, was that they had all maintained with a certain fidelity a manner oftechnique and composition consistent with those of America's first popular landscape artist,Thomas Cole, who built a career painting the Catskill Mountain scenery bordering the HudsonRiver. A possible implication in the term applied to the group of landscapists was that many ofthem had, like Cole, lived on or near the banks of the Hudson. Further, the river had long servedas the principal route to other sketching grounds favored by the Academicians, particularly theAdirondacks and the mountains of Vermont and New Hampshire.

　　1. What does the passage mainly discuss?

　　(A) The National Academy of Design

　　(B) Paintings that featured the Hudson River

　　(C) North American landscape paintings

　　(D) The training of American artists in European academies

　　(A) Figural painting

　　(B) Landscape painting

　　(C) Impressionistic painting

　　(D) Historical painting

　　3. The word struggle in line 5 is closest in meaning to

　　(A) connection

　　(B) distance

　　(C) communication

　　(D) competition

　　4. The word monopolized in line 7 is closest in meaning to

　　(A) alarmed

　　(B) dominated

　　(C) repelled

　　(D) pursued

　　5. According to the passage , what was the function of the National Academy of Design for the

　　painters born before 1835?

　　(A) It mediated conflicts between artists.

　　(B) It supervised the incorporation of new artistic techniques.

　　(C) It determined which subjects were appropriate.

　　(D) It supported their growth and development.

　　6. The word it in line 12 refers to

　　(A) matter

　　(B) technique

　　(C) patronage

　　(D) country

　　7. The word factions in line 13 is closest in meaning to

　　(A) sides

　　(B) people

　　(C) cities

　　(D) images

　　8. The word flattering in line 18 is closest in meaning to

　　(A) expressive

　　(B) serious

　　(C) complimentary

　　(D) flashy

　　9. Where did the younger generation of painters receive its artistic training?

　　(A) In Europe

　　(B) In the Adirondacks

　　(C) In Vermont

　　(D) In New Hampshire

passage 2

  As Philadelphia grew from a small town into a city in the first half of the eighteenth century, it became an increasingly important marketing center for a vast and growing agricultural hinterland.

　　Market days saw the crowded city even more crowded, as farmers from within a radius of 24 or more kilometers brought their sheep, cows, pigs, vegetables, cider, and other products for direct sale to the townspeople. The High Street Market was continuously enlarged throughout the period until 1736, when it reached from Front Street to Third. By 1745 New Market was opened on Second Street between Pine and Cedar. The next year the Callowhill Market began operation.

　　Along with market days, the institution of twice-yearly fairs persisted in Philadelphia even after similar trading days had been discontinued in other colonial cities. The fairs provided a means of bringing handmade goods from outlying places to would-be buyers in the city. Linens and stockings from Germantown, for example, were popular items.

　　Auctions were another popular form of occasional trade. Because of the competition, retail merchants opposed these as well as the fairs. Although governmental attempts to eradicate fairs and auctions were less than successful, the ordinary course of economic development was on the merchants' side, as increasing business specialization became the order of the day. Export merchants became differentiated from their importing counterparts, and specialty shops began to appear in addition to general stores selling a variety of goods.

　　One of the reasons Philadelphia's merchants generally prospered was because thesurrounding area was undergoing tremendous economic and demographic growth. They did their business, after all, in the capital city of the province. Not only did they cater to the governor and his circle, but citizens from all over the colony came to the capital for legislative sessions of the assembly and council and the meetings of the courts of justice.

　　1. What does the passage mainly discuss?

　　(A) Philadelphia's agriculture importance

　　(B) Philadelphia's development as a marketing center

　　(C) The sale of imported goods in Philadelphia

　　(D) The administration of the city of Philadelphia

　　2. It can be inferred from the passage that new markets opened in Philadelphia because

　　(A) they provided more modem facilities than older markets

　　(B) the High Street Market was forced to close

　　(C) existing markets were unable to serve the growing population

　　(D) farmers wanted markets that were closer to the farms.

　　3. The word hinterland in line 3 is closest in meaning to

　　(A) tradition

　　(B) association

　　(C) produce

　　(D) region

　　4. The word it in line 6 refers to

　　(A) the crowded city

　　(B) a radius

　　(C) the High Street Market

　　(D) the period

　　5. The word persisted in line 9 is closest in meaning to

　　(A) returned

　　(B) started

　　(C) declined

　　(D) continued

　　6. According to the passage , fairs in Philadelphia were held

　　(A) on the same day as market says

　　(B) as often as possible

　　(C) a couple of times a year

　　(D) whenever the government allowed it

　　7. It can be inferred that the author mentions Linens and stockings in line 12 to show that they were items that

　　(A) retail merchants were not willing to sell

　　(B) were not available in the stores in Philadelphia

　　(C) were more popular in Germantown man in Philadelphia

　　(D) could easily be transported

　　8. The word eradicate in line 15 is closest in meaning to

　　(A) eliminate

　　(B) exploit

　　(C) organize

　　(D) operate

　　9. What does the author mean by stating in lines 15-16 that economic development was on the merchants' side ?

　　(A) Merchants had a strong impact on economic expansion.

　　(B) Economic forces allowed merchants to prosper.

　　(C) Merchants had to work together to achieve economic independence

　　(D) Specialty shops near large markets were more likely to be economically successful.

　　10. The word undergoing in line 21 is closest in meaning to

　　(A) requesting

　　(B) experiencing

　　(C) repeating

　　(D) including

往期机经：

2018年7月01日托福考情全回顾

2018年6月30日托福考情全回顾

2018年6月23日托福考情全回顾

2018年6月10日托福考情全回顾

2018年6月02日托福考情全回顾

2018年5月26日托福考情全回顾

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